Meet the needs of children diagnosed with ADHD

Meet the needs of children diagnosed with ADHD How you should look to Disorder and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity (ADHD) and what is the best way to help those who are given this diagnosis? There has been considerable debate about whether ADHD is a real mess. Psychiatrist and professor Robert Hedaya (1996, pp. 140) indicates that a review by Hartmann in 1993, estimates that ADHD is a normal variant of human behavior that does not fall norms.In cultural, furthermore, there is no objective evidence of the disorder. Hedaya (1996, pp. 140) indicates that a test commonly used is the Tova (test of variables of attention), a test in which the client must use a computer and to reach the target at different points. This test was designed to measure the response time and distraction. However, Hedaya (1996, pp. 140) note, this tool can not be relied upon to make or exclude the diagnosis in itself. Hedaya (1996, pp. 268) notes that there has been controversy on the use of stimulants to treat ADHD, he says, the drugs alone are not sufficient or complete treatment in this disorder.Hedaya (1996, pp . 269) is to note that the most serious risk to the use of methylphenidate (Ritalin) for ADHD is that about 1% of these children and develop tics, Tourette syndrome. Hedaya of the question, "You could ask, because the use of methylphenidate at all?" Hedaya says that the side effects associated with the use of methylphenidate are mild. However, he noted that the side effects include nervousness, increased susceptibility to seizures, insomnia, loss of appetite, headache, stomachache, and irritability. Hedaya (1996, pp. 271) argues that the cause of ADHD is difficult in the regulation of dopamine in the brain and the challenging work that stimulates dopamine in the brain, and therefore the symptoms of ADHD are lessened.However said previously Hedaya Zametkin ( 1995) pointed out that stimulants have the same effect on those diagnosed with ADHD and they are not (Hedaya, 1996. 139). Dr. William Carey of Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, told the National Institutes of Mental Health Consensus Conference in 1998 that the problem exhibited by ADHD were considered normal variations in behavior. Multimodal treatment study was conducted by the National Institutes of Mental Health in 1999, with regard to ADHD. Psychiatrist Peter Breggin and members of the Inteational Center for the Study of Psychiatry and Psychology challenged the results of this study, because it is not a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Breggin also says that the analysis of classroom behavior of children studied showed no significant differences between children who received stimulant medication compared to only using a program of behavior management (MTA Cooperative Group, 1999a, pp. 1074). Breggin notes that there was no control group in the study of untreated children and that 32% of children participating in the study were receiving one or more drugs before the study. Those of the study group is to administer the medication, that only 144 numbers that Breggin is very small. Breggin says that the ratings of the children noted that the increase in anxiety and depression, however, this has not been found to be an important factor for researchers. Breggin also believes that the study was flawed in that the treatment is continued for 14 months of behavior management that has been used for a much shorter duration. Breggin maintains that the behavior management strategies, mainly involving a token economy system, and are ineffective and did not take into account family dynamics, but regardless, the study showed that still there was no difference between treatment populations drug behavior towards the management alone. Breggin notes that many of the children who received the drug has adverse side effects, consisting of depression, irritability and anxiety. 11.4% reported moderate reactions and 2.9% had severe reactions. However, Breggin also says that reports of adverse drug reactions have not been adequately trained, but only the teachers and / or parents. The study, which concludes Breggin, showed no improvement in children treated with the drug in relation to academic performance or development of social skills. Breggin believes that the study was inadequate in all the researchers who are aware of the fact that the defenders of drugs before and after the study. Breggin says that Ritalin and other amphetamine have almost identical adverse effects and have the potential to create behavioral problems, as well as mania and psychosis in some individuals. Breggin says that these drugs are often the cause of behavior that are intended to treat. Indicates that children treated with these drugs often become lethargic and robotics, and permanent neurological features may result.In his book, Disorder Attention Deficit with Hyperactivity, Russell Barkley, a lawyer for the use of methylphenidate for the treatment of ADHD, notes that there is little improvement in academic performance in the short term with the use of psychostimulant drugs. Barkley also acknowledged that stimulant medications can affect growth, but at present there is no knowledge of long-term effects on the hypothalamus-pituitary growth hormones. Barkley (1995, pp. 122) also states, at present there are no laboratory tests or measures that are of value for diagnosis of ADHDDr. Sydney Walker III, (1998, pp. 25) afteoon on board certified neuropsychiatrist comments that a large number of children who do not respond to Ritalin, or account for every ill, depressed, or worse. Some children become psychotic? Ehe fact that many hyperactive children respond to Ritalin for being quiet does not mean that the drug is the treatment of a disease. Most people respond to cocaine becoming more alert and focused, but that does not mean that they are suffering from a disease treated by cocaine. EIT is interesting to note the similarity of Walker Ritalin to cocaine. Volkow and colleagues (1997) noted in his study? AEM (methylphenidate like cocaine, increases synaptic dopamine by inhibiting dopamine reuptake, which is equivalent to reinforce the effects of cocaine and intravenous administration of a high? Esimilar cocaine. E Walker (1998, pp. 14-15) that In addition to children's emotional fight for the ADHD-like behavior, that high levels of lead, mercury levels high, anemia, the toxicity of manganese, vitamin B deficiency, hyperthyroidism, Tourette's syndrome, seizures lobe time, fluctuating blood sugar levels in the blood, heart disease, the use of illicit drugs and behaviors that occur in what may appear to be considered ADHD? Ehowever Walker believes that these problems are often neglected and the person is considered ADHD . F. Xavier Castellanos of the Consensus Conference in 1998 that children with ADHD have smaller brain of children, which are considered normal. Without However, Castellanos has also reported that 93% of ADHD children seen in the study were treated with psychostimulants in the long term and stated that the issue of brain atrophy may be related to the use of psychopharmacological agents. Dr. Henry Nasrallah from Ohio State University (1986) found that atrophy occurred in about half of the 24 young adults diagnosed with ADHD from children who participated in the study. All these people had been treated with stimulants, such as children and Nasrallah and colleagues concluded that cortical atrophy may be long-term adverse effects of this treatment. Médico And Warren said Weinberg and his colleagues, many biological studies have been undertaken to characterize ADHD as a disease entity, but the results were inconsistent and not reproducible, because the symptoms of ADHD are just symptoms of a variety of disorders. ETHE Food and Drug Administration pointed out (Walker, 1998, pg. 27) and e recognize that hitherto different pathophysiology (for ADHD) was defined. Ether is conce about the dependence of psychostimulants. The Drug Enforcement Administration (1995c) reported that methylphenidate has been found that pharmacological effects are essentially the same as those of amphetamine and methamphetamine, and which shares the same potential for abuse, as Table II, these stimulants. EBreggin that psychiatrist Arthur Green, in General Psychiatry Textbook published in 1989, reported that all commonly diagnosed disorders of childhood may be linked to abuse and / or neglect. abuse and neglect produces difficulties in school, such as cognitive, particularly in the areas of intervention and development, in combination with limited attention and hyperactivity. (Breggin, 1991, pp. 274) that ADHD is a subjective diagnosis and stimulant treatment that has shown that the risks described above, what is the alteative to effectively help those who have been diagnosed ADHD and what is really behind the difficulties that these people can say? psychologist and educator Michael Valentine (1988) suggests that it is necessary? love their children, care for them, do everything possible to enable them to grow and develop, teach social skills, and teaching to identify and express their feelings and become fully human, but at the same time, care for them and love them enough to give them guidance, structure, boundaries and control, if necessary. EValentine recommends a psychosocial approach to help children and adolescents considered to be ADHD. Psychiatrist Peter Breggin also advocates this approach and believes that parents must feel to be an adult and for his compassionate treatment in the lives of these children. Breggin (1998, pp. 308-310) considers it necessary to examine the effects of institutionalization and placement of children and the stigmatization of psychiatric effects (eg, effects on self-esteem of receipt of the label of ADHD? Eitself). It is necessary to examine the experience of the child and have suffered physical, sexual or emotional abuse of adults, or who have suffered ill-treatment of equals. We must consider whether they have an appropriate educational environment, and where some conflicts with instructors, or l ' educational environment is stressful for them. psychiatrist William Glasser (2003, pp. 31-32) comments on this? Epediatricians is called to diagnose the students who do not cooperate in school, because they do not like what they have disorders from attention deficit disorder or attention deficit with hyperactivity. Dealing with a drug is only confirmed what many psychiatrists and pediatricians already believe: that it is better to use drugs rather than trying to apply its prestige and influence in the community for the real problem: improving s our school so that students are comfortable enough to pay attention and lea in an environment where drugs are not needed. This effort has created an epidemic of drug-treated wrong mental mental illness? Ein schools. EBreggin is continuing also necessary to consider the environment the child lives and the stress that surrounds them. We need to build relationships and design of the structure and limits with children or adolescent (Breggin, 1998, pp. 318) Breggin believes that it is necessary educate parents about the construction of their children and working through conflict situations. Maintains, parent management training have demonstrated their effectiveness in improving self-esteem of parents, parents in their efforts to reduce stress and improve the symptoms of ADHD-like, especially the negative attitudes towards parental authority and aggression. ADRs. David Stein (2001, pp. 236-238), is a drug-free approach to helping children who are diagnosed with ADHD Stein prefers to call it really bad behavior? Echildren. In this program, known as the keeper of the skills program, Stein stresses the need to treat the child as normal and not sick. Ehe provides that children should not take drugs because they are dangerous to child health and behavior is limited to that. Stein says, if the behavior occurs, we can not help (a) lea new habits. ETHE program encourages strengthening social, instead of reinforcing materials, encourage parents to ask them to refrain from excessive and coaxing. The program promotes the development of practice and consistent encouragement and reinforcement, and the consequences for the fault line. The program encourages self-evaluation and assessment of children by their behaviors . REFERENCES: Barkley, Russell, to take control of their ADHD, Boys Town, NE, Boys Town Press, 1995) Breggin, Peter R., Reclaiming our children, Perseus, Cambridge, MA, 2000) Breggin, Peter R. , go back to talking about Ritalin, Common Courage Press, Monroe, ME, 1998) Breggin, Peter R., Toxic Psychiatry, St. Martins Press, New York, 1991) DuPaul, Barkley, and Connor, stimulants (article that appears in the text Disorder Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity, 1998). Glasser, William, psychiatry can be hazardous to your mental health, Harper Collins, New York, 2003) Hedaya, Robert J., Understanding Biological Psychiatry, WW Norton, New York, 1996) Nasrallah, HJ, loney, S. Olson, M. McCalley-Whitters, J. Kramer, and C. Jacoby, Cortical atrophy in young adults with a history of hyperactivity in children, Psychiatry Research, 17: 241-246, 1986), the National Institutes of Mental Health Consensus Conference statement, 1998Stein, David, Unraveling ADHD Fiasco, Andrews McMeel, Kansas City, 2001), Walker, Sydney, The Hyperactivity Hoax, St. Martins Press, New York, 1998) Weinberg, Warren et al. Disorder Attention Deficit with Hyperactivity: a disease or a symptom complex, Joual of Pediatrics, 130, 665-6Dan L. Edmunds, MA, BCSAMbr> Education Ph.D. candidate in the Commonwealth of pastoral